But‐2‐ene‐1,4‐diamine and But‐2‐ene‐1,4‐diol as Donors for Thermodynamically Favored Transaminase‐ and Alcohol Dehydrogenase‐Catalyzed Processes

Both cis‐ and trans‐but‐2‐ene‐1,4‐diamines have been prepared and efficiently applied as sacrificial cosubstrates in enzymatic transamination reactions. The best results were obtained with the cis‐diamine. The thermodynamic equilibrium of the stereoselective transamination process is shifted to the amine formation due to tautomerization of 5H‐pyrrole into 1H‐pyrrole, achieving high conversions (78–99%) and enantiomeric excess (up to >99%) by using a small excess of the amine donor. Furthermore, when the reaction proceeded, a strong coloration was observed due to polymerization of 1H‐pyrrole. A structurally related compound, cis‐but‐2‐ene‐1,4‐diol, has been utilized as cosubstrate in different alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)‐mediated bioreductions. In this case, high conversions (91–99%) were observed due to a lactonization process. Both strategies are convenient from both synthetic and atom economy points of view in the production of valuable optically active products.

     

盐酸解吸技术在含汞废酸治理中的应用

含汞废酸通过盐酸常规解吸和深度解吸装置解吸处理后,不同浓度的盐酸回用至生产系统中,达到含汞废酸零排放的目的,减少了汞污染,具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

金刚石粒径及含量对超音速激光沉积金刚石/Cu复合涂层微观结构及性能的影响

目的研究不同金刚石粒径及含量对超音速激光沉积金刚石/Cu复合涂层微观结构及性能的影响。方法利用超音速激光沉积技术制备金刚石/Cu复合涂层。采用扫描电镜和摩擦磨损测试对涂层的显微组织结构和磨损性能进行了分析,用激光闪烁法测量复合涂层的热导率。结果金刚石均匀分布在复合涂层中,原始粉末中金刚石体积分数从30%增加到50%时,复合涂层中金刚石颗粒的面积占比仅从14.01%升至16.79%,远低于金刚石颗粒在原始粉末中的含量。400目金刚石/Cu复合涂层的平均热导率为296 W/(m·K),摩擦系数为0.551;800目金刚石/Cu复合涂层的平均热导率为238 W/(m·K),摩擦系数为0.545。结论原始粉末中金刚石配比的增加并未对复合涂层中金刚石含量的提升有显著作用。金刚石/Cu复合涂层的热导率随着增强相颗粒含量的增加而降低,随着增强相颗粒粒径的增大而提高。不同粒径金刚石颗粒的添加能显著降低Cu涂层的摩擦系数,且小粒径金刚石颗粒的添加使复合涂层的摩擦系数更低和更稳定,从而使其具有更小的磨损量和磨痕宽度,表现出较优的耐磨损性能。     

浅谈固态图像传感器的应用前景

基于固态图像传感器的基本工作原理的分析,着重探讨了工程中广泛应用的线型固态传感器的结构及主要工作特性,概括了固态图像传感器的诸多优点.列举了它被广泛应用于工业测量、控制,尤其是在图像识别与控制等领域的工程实例.预见其将广泛渗透于我国的工农业生产的各个部门,为我国的精细加工、机器人技术以及工业自动化领域的发展起重大作用,同时,计算机软硬件技术的日新月异,也会给固态图像传感器的应用带来广阔前景.     

谈沥青路面现场热再生技术

沥青路面现场热再生在我国是一种新型的道路养护技术，分析了其原理及施工方法，介绍了沥青路面现场热再生工艺的施工要点，井对该技术以后的发展提出建议。     

Natural versus wastewater derived dissolved organic carbon: implications for the environmental fate of organic micropollutants

The interaction of organic micropollutants with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) can influence their transport, degradation and bioavailability. While this has been well established for natural organic carbon, very little is known regarding the influence of DOC on the fate of micropollutants during wastewater treatment and water recycling. Dissolved organic carbon-water partition coefficients (K_DOC) for wastewater derived and reference DOC were measured for a range of micropollutants using a depletion method with polydimethylsiloxane disks. For micropollutants with an octanol-water partition coefficient (log K_OW) greater than 4 there was a significant difference in K_DOC between reference and wastewater derived DOC, with partitioning to wastewater derived DOC over 1000 times lower for the most hydrophobic micropollutants. The interaction of nonylphenol with wastewater derived DOC from different stages of a wastewater and advanced water treatment train was studied, but little difference in K_DOC was observed. Organic carbon characterisation revealed that reference and wastewater derived DOC had very different properties due to their different origins. Consequently, the reduced sorption capacity of wastewater derived DOC may be related to their microbial origin which led to reduced aromaticity and lower molecular weight. This study suggests that for hydrophobic micropollutants (log K_OW > 4) a higher concentration of freely dissolved and thus bioavailable micropollutants is expected in the presence of wastewater derived DOC than predicted using K_DOC values quantified using reference DOC. The implication is that naturally derived DOC may not be an appropriate surrogate for wastewater derived DOC as a matrix for assessing the fate of micropollutants in engineered systems.     

新型杀菌剂处理油田回注水实验研究

介绍了油田回注水常见的细菌类型 ,阐述了硫酸盐还原菌、铁细菌和腐生菌的危害机理。然后根据某采油厂转油放水站的实际水质特征 ,合成并复配出新型高效杀菌剂 ,并对该回注水样进行灭菌实验 ,取得了良好的试验效果。实验证明选择 3种非氧化型杀菌剂进行复配比单一药剂的杀菌效果更好 ,发挥了协同效应。最后对该杀菌剂的特点及主要成分的特点和杀菌机理做了小结 ,为进一步提高杀菌效果与研究新型复配杀菌剂提出了方向。     

嘉浏高速公路路面整治设计方案与技术特点

嘉浏高速公路分三期建成后路面出现早期损坏现象,按照上海市"迎世博市政道路三年整治行动"需重点整治。路面整治设计明确了质量目标,通过路况调查评价找出问题所在,制订了包括工程设计和混合料设计在内的针对性设计方案,提出了严格的质量技术标准,首次在上海高速公路建设中成功应用冷再生技术,从而使2007年的整治工程质量水平跃上新台阶。     

高品质再生骨料的生产及基本性能试验研究

为了提高再生骨料的品质,提出了一套高品质再生骨料生产工艺,与目前常规的再生骨料生产工艺相比,增加了机械磨损(干拌)和水冲洗两个流程.测试了利用新工艺生产的再生骨料的基本性能,并与天然骨料和常规再生骨料工艺生产的再生骨料进行了对比.结果发现,与常规工艺生产的再生骨料相比,新工艺生产的再生骨料品质显著提高,主要表现在密度增加、废旧水泥砂浆含量和吸水率降低、坚固性增加等.进一步研究了利用新工艺生产的高品质再生骨料混凝土的抗压强度,发现其与相同条件下普通混凝土差别不大.     

菱镁矿浮选尾矿直接合成同时制备镁橄榄石和镁砂研究

为了有效利用菱镁矿浮选尾矿废弃物,提出以其为原料,在不添加任何物质、不经过高压压制成型的条件下直接烧制同时制备优质镁橄榄石和烧结镁砂的技术路线,并在高温管式炉中对其可行性进行了实验研究。通过对不同反应温度和时间条件下制备的样品进行XRD和SEM-EDS表征和分析,确认新技术路线不仅可行,并且还具有反应速度快、产品质量优等优势。当反应温度为1400℃及以上时,原料中的SiO₂在数分钟之内全部转化,产物镁橄榄石和烧结镁砂晶体发育良好。研究结果对进一步开发菱镁矿浮选尾矿废弃物高效利用新技术提供有力支持。